https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/7/691/htm
Via a scholarly review of over 450 journal articles, the piece at the link above identifies and discusses three approaches or "visions" of the bioeconomy:
1) a bio-Tech vision;
2) a bio-resource vision; and,
3) a bio-ecology vision.
Two or more of these different approaches sometimes are implemented in combination with each other. As you might surmise, the first two are primarily concerned with technological "fixes". The bio-ecology approach is, in my opinion, the closest to the view of Georgescu-Roegen, the founder of bioeconomics.
Despite early theoretical work done in this discipline, the more recent research has evolved in such a way as to attract a broad range of sciences, and a heavy technological flavor. To have a significant, long-term, and global impact on future human endeavors, Bioeconomics needs to further identify its scope and purpose, and its adherents need to consider the following.
Our primary focus should not be more technological fixes, but rather, the adoption of Ecoethics and striving to live within our means (as aggregate humanity). The elephant in the room is Unlimited Growth. It's not sustainable... period.
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Not only my opinion. Be Well
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